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| Great Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
The Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (ドイツ語:''Verdienstorden der Bundesrepublik Deutschland'') is the only federal decoration of Germany. It was created by the first President of the Federal Republic of Germany, Theodor Heuss, on 7 September 1951, and has been awarded to over 200,000 individuals in total, both Germans and foreigners. Since the 1990s the number of annual awards has declined from over 4,000, first to around 2,300-2,500 per year, and now under 2,000, with a low of 1752 in 2011. In recent years women have made up a steady 30-31% of recipients.〔(The Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany ), English, figures to 2008 only; (German, statistics to 2012 ), both Website of the President, and accessed March 29, 2014〕 Colloquially, the decorations of the different classes of the Order are also known as Federal Cross of Merit ((ドイツ語:Bundesverdienstkreuz)).
Most of the German federal states (''Länder'') have each their own order of merit as well, with the exception of the Free and Hanseatic Cities of Bremen and Hamburg, which reject any orders (by old tradition their citizens, particularly former or present senators, will refuse any decoration in the form of an order. Most famous example: former Chancellor Helmut Schmidt).
==History==
The order was established on 7 September 1951 by the decree of the then Federal President Theodor Heuss. The decree, which was co-signed by the President Heuss together with Chancellor Konrad Adenauer and the Minister of the Interior, Robert Lehr, signed, states:
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